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TollGate
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TollGate enables WiFi routers to accept Bitcoin payments for internet access. This allows users with a router and an internet connection to operate as internet service providers. Contributions welcome: https://github.com/orgs/OpenTollGate/repositories

Decentralization is hard to measure. Infrastructure is usually tree shaped for efficiency. Large routing nodes occur for efficiency reasons in the lightning network. Large internet exchange points and large substations occur in the communications and energy infrastructure for similar efficiency reasons.

Something that's nice about TollGate is the optionality. No contracts, no KYC and no big commitments. Just price signals that allow supply and demand to answer the questions that central planners think they have answers for.

Wifi doesn't typically have such good range, but nested captive portals could be a useful way to build free markets for connectivity on the pleb side of the internet gateway: