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In computer science, Turing completeness is a property of a system that can simulate any Turing machine. A Turing machine is a theoretical model of computation that is capable of performing any possible calculation, given enough time and memory.

A #Turing-complete system is therefore capable of solving any #computational problem, no matter how complex. This includes problems such as sorting a list of numbers, searching for a pattern in a string of text, or calculating the factorial of a large number.

Turing completeness is a significant property because it means that any two Turing-complete systems are essentially equivalent. This means that any program that can be written for one Turing-complete system can also be written for another Turing-complete system, given enough time and memory.

Most modern #programming languages are Turing-complete, as are most general-purpose computers. This means that any program that can be conceived of, in theory, can also be implemented in practice.

Here are some examples of Turing-complete systems:

* Programming languages: Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, etc.

* General-purpose computers: PCs, laptops, smartphones, etc.

* Cellular automata

* DNA computing

Turing completeness is an important concept in computer science because it allows us to compare the computational power of different systems and to reason about the solvability of computational problems.

It is important to note that Turing completeness does not guarantee that a system can solve a particular problem quickly or efficiently. For example, a simple Turing machine that sorts a list of numbers by repeatedly comparing adjacent elements will be much slower than a more sophisticated sorting algorithm.

However, the fact that a system is Turing-complete means that it is capable of solving any #computational problem, in principle.

#plebchain #gm #nostr

Looks like #twitter #x is down?

**Summary of the #BitVM White Paper**

BitVM is a new #scaling solution for Bitcoin that uses a combination of Optimistic Rollups, Fraud Proofs, #Taproot Leaf, and Bitcoin #Script computing. It is designed to allow developers to build complex and powerful applications on Bitcoin, without sacrificing security or decentralization.

**Optimistic Rollups**

Optimistic Rollups are a type of scaling solution that #bundles transactions together and verifies them off-chain. This allows for much faster and cheaper transactions than on the main Bitcoin chain.

**Fraud Proofs**

Fraud Proofs are a way to prove that a transaction is invalid, even if it has already been #verified and added to a block. This helps to prevent malicious actors from cheating the system.

**Taproot Leaf**

#Taproot Leaf is a new feature in Bitcoin that allows developers to create more complex and powerful scripts. This is essential for building complex applications on Bitcoin.

**Bitcoin Script computing**

Bitcoin Script is a #programming language that allows developers to create custom rules for Bitcoin transactions. This is used to implement a variety of features, such as multi-signature wallets and #escrow services.

**How BitVM works**

BitVM works by bundling transactions together and verifying them off-chain. Once a transaction bundle has been verified, it is submitted to the main Bitcoin chain. If any of the transactions in the bundle are found to be invalid, a fraud proof can be submitted to challenge them.

**Benefits of BitVM**

BitVM offers a number of benefits over other scaling solutions, including:

* **Security:** BitVM is as secure as the main Bitcoin chain, thanks to its use of Fraud Proofs.

* **Decentralization:** BitVM is fully decentralized, with no central authority or trusted third party.

* **Scalability:** BitVM can handle a much higher volume of transactions than the main Bitcoin chain, thanks to its use of Optimistic Rollups.

* **Flexibility:** BitVM allows developers to build a wide variety of complex applications on Bitcoin, thanks to its support for Taproot Leaf and Bitcoin Script computing.

**Conclusion**

BitVM is a promising new scaling solution for Bitcoin that has the potential to revolutionize the way that Bitcoin is used. It is still under development, but it has already attracted the attention of a number of high-profile developers and investors.

**Note:** The BitVM white paper was released on October 10, 2023, so it is very recent.

#nunchuk #multisig wallet UI/UX is top notch

@nunchuk testnet tBTC multisig and singlesig in iOS is sweet

Bitcoin miners may have different templates that determine the order of blocks. This is because miners are free to choose which #transactions to include in their blocks, as long as the transactions are valid and the block meets the network's #difficulty requirements.

However, miners have a strong incentive to include the same transactions in their blocks as other miners. This is because the first miner to find a valid block and #broadcast it to the network will receive the block reward. If a miner broadcasts a block that contains different transactions than other miners, there is a risk that the block will be rejected by the network.

As a result, most miners use a similar template to determine the order of blocks. This template is typically provided by a mining pool, which is a group of miners who work together to mine Bitcoin. The mining pool will create a block template that includes a list of transactions that the miners should try to include in their blocks.

Miners are not required to follow the block #template provided by the mining pool. However, there are a few reasons why most miners choose to do so:

* **Efficiency:** It is more efficient for miners to use the same block template because they do not have to spend time prioritizing transactions themselves.

* **Profitability:** Miners are more likely to receive the block reward if they include the same transactions in their #blocks as other miners.

* **Security:** Mining pools typically have a good reputation and are trusted by miners.

Of course, there are always a few miners who choose to use their own block templates. These miners may be trying to mine specific transactions or they may be trying to game the system in some way. However, the vast majority of #Bitcoin miners use the block template provided by their mining pool. #plebchain

#gm #nostr #plebchain #mempool #bitcoin #poem

In the realm where Bitcoin's dreams take flight,

Mempool congestion, a frenzied sight,

Transactions surged, a torrential wave,

But through the chaos, the network's brave.

Confirmation times stretched to the sky,

As fees climbed high, bidding hopes goodbye,

Yet miners persevered, in their relentless quest,

To clear the mempool, and give us rest.

With each block forged, a victory won,

The battle waged under the digital sun,

Transactions confirmed, the tension released,

In the blockchain's heart, a moment of peace.

So, in this tale of congestion and strain,

Bitcoin's network proved its might again,

A reminder that in this crypto affair,

Through challenges faced, it'll always repair.

Bitcoin Testnet vs Signet

1. **Bitcoin Testnet:**

- It's like a sandbox for Bitcoin.

- Realistic but separate from the main Bitcoin network.

- Uses "testnet coins" with no real value.

- Used for testing without risking real bitcoins.

2. **Bitcoin Signet Test Network:**

- More controlled and private than Testnet.

- Created for specific testing purposes.

- Uses real Bitcoin codebase but with a custom network.

- Provides better control for testing and experimentation

#gm #coffeechain #nostr #plebchain #miamibeach

Respectfully lifted from @bitcoin_hotel #bitcoin #ai #nostr #plebchain

She’s cranking today #mempool

Bitcoin network #confirmations are important for ensuring the security and finality of Bitcoin #transactions. A confirmation is when a new block is added to the Bitcoin blockchain that contains the transaction. The more confirmations a transaction has, the more secure it is. This is because it becomes increasingly difficult to reverse a transaction as more blocks are added to the blockchain.

#Double-spending is a problem that could occur in a cryptocurrency system without confirmations. Double-spending is when someone tries to spend the same cryptocurrency coins twice. This could be done by sending the same coins to two different recipients. Confirmations help to prevent double-spending by making it more difficult for someone to reverse a transaction before it has enough confirmations.

The number of confirmations required for a #Bitcoin transaction to be considered secure varies depending on the amount of money involved and the risk tolerance of the sender and recipient. In general, one confirmation is considered enough for small transactions, while three or more confirmations are recommended for larger transactions.

Here are some of the benefits of Bitcoin network confirmations:

* They help to prevent double-spending.

* They make Bitcoin transactions more secure.

* They give users confidence that their transactions will be completed.

* They help to reduce the risk of fraud.

The number of confirmations required for a Bitcoin transaction to be considered secure is a matter of debate. Some experts believe that six confirmations are sufficient, while others believe that more confirmations are needed. Ultimately, the number of confirmations that a user waits for will depend on their individual risk tolerance.

#gm #coffeechain #nostr #plebchain #miamibeach my mans at work #pow

A Partially Signed Bitcoin Transaction (PSBT) is a Bitcoin standard that facilitates the portability of unsigned transactions, which allows multiple parties to easily sign the same transaction. This is most useful when multiple parties wish to add inputs to the same transaction, such as in a multisig wallet or a CoinJoin transaction.

A #PSBT is a file that contains all the information necessary to create a Bitcoin transaction, but with the signatures for the inputs left blank. This allows the transaction to be created and edited by multiple parties without the risk of anyone stealing the private keys. Once all the parties have signed the inputs, the PSBT can be finalized into a complete Bitcoin transaction.

PSBTs are used in a variety of ways, including:

* Multisig wallets: A #multisig wallet requires multiple signatures to spend funds. A PSBT can be used to create a transaction that requires signatures from all the wallet's owners.

* CoinJoin: #CoinJoin is a privacy-preserving mixing technique that allows users to combine their coins with the coins of other users. A PSBT can be used to create a CoinJoin transaction, which makes it more difficult to track the movement of funds.

* Hardware wallets: Hardware wallets are physical devices that store private keys offline. A PSBT can be used to create a transaction on a hardware wallet, and then the signed PSBT can be transferred to a software wallet to be #broadcast to the network.

PSBTs are a powerful tool that can be used to simplify and secure the signing of #Bitcoin transactions. They are becoming increasingly popular as more wallets and services adopt them.

Here are some of the benefits of using PSBTs:

* They allow multiple parties to easily sign the same transaction.

* They make it easier to create and edit Bitcoin transactions.

* They improve the privacy of #CoinJoin transactions.

* They can be used with hardware wallets.

If you are using a Bitcoin wallet that supports PSBTs, I encourage you to use them. They can make your Bitcoin transactions easier, more secure, and more private.