Today in 1936, 87 years ago: the Constitution of 1886 is reformed in Colombia: the separation between church and state is introduced and state intervention is guaranteed to "guarantee the function of property".
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Today in 1873, 150 years ago: in Rome (Italy), on the initiative of Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts was created.
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Today in 1861, 162 years ago: American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government levies the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in 1872).
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Today in 1816, 207 years ago: The British Admiralty dismisses Francis Ronalds's new invention of the first working electric telegraph as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.
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Today in 1943, 80 years ago: in New Guinea, American troops conquer Munda.
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Today in 1918, 105 years ago: off the coast of Virginia (United States), a German submarine sinks the 10,000-ton American oil tanker O. B. Jenning.
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Today in 1974, 49 years ago: Vietnam War: The U.S. Congress places a $1 billion limit on military aid to South Vietnam.
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Today in 1995, 28 years ago: Yugoslav Wars: The city of Knin, Croatia, a significant Serb stronghold, is taken by Croatian forces during Operation Storm. The date is celebrated in Croatia as Victory Day.
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Today in 1936, 87 years ago: Juan de Borbón (Prince of Asturias) arrives in Spain under the false name of Juan López, to fight alongside the troops rebelling against the Republic, but General Emilio Mola manages to convince him to leave.
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Today in 1966, 57 years ago: A group of red guards at Experimental High in Beijing, including Deng Rong and Liu Pingping, daughters of Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi respectively, beat the deputy vice principal, Bian Zhongyun, to death with sticks after accusing her of counter-revolutionary revisionism, producing one of the first fatalities of the Cultural Revolution.
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Today in 1763, 260 years ago: Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run: British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run.
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Today in 1716, 307 years ago: Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718): One-fifth of a Turkish army and the Grand Vizier are killed in the Battle of Petrovaradin.
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Today in 1796, 227 years ago: in Castiglione, Napoleon defeats the Austrians and ends his threat to Italy.
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Today in 2005, 18 years ago: the barrel of oil marks a new all-time high and stands above 61 dollars.
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Today in 1498, 525 years ago: on his third trip to America, Columbus set foot for the first time on the mainland in the cove of Yacua, located on the southern coast of the Paria peninsula, in present-day Venezuela.
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Today in 1944, 79 years ago: World War II: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp (Gęsiówka) in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
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Today in 1936, 87 years ago: The naval confrontation known as the Convoy of Victory takes place in the waters of the Strait of Gibraltar during the Spanish Civil War.
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Today in 1947, 76 years ago: at Wimbledon (United Kingdom), the American tennis player Jack Kramer wins the Wimbledon Tournament after defeating Tom Brown 6-3, 6-1 and 6-2 in the final.
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Today in 1964, 59 years ago: in the Belgian Congo, the Simba rebel army captures Stanleyville, and takes a thousand Western hostages.
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Today in 1964, 59 years ago: Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow: American aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
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