The most popular node implementations are LND (https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd) and CoreLN (https://github.com/elementsproject/lightning)
LND seems to have more plugins and tools that integrate with it, and CoreLN seems to be more performant. Both require connecting to a bitcoin node either locally or remotely (doesn't have to be yours).
An alternative option would be to install something like Umbrel which has a nice GUI and makes things easy to install, sets up your node behind Tor automatically, etc. I believe it works fine on Debian/Ubuntu: https://umbrel.com/