To the extent that there are rules for warfare, those rules demand that civilians are never valid _targets_. Those same rules also demand that valid military targets are not made invalid by nearby civilians. The reasoning for that second demand is terrifyingly obvious. If civilians could be used to invalidate a target, then every warring faction _would use_ civilians to protect their most valued military assets.
As for the whether conscription is ethical, it is easy to understand that a society that cannot defend itself will not survive. Thus, the cost of citizenship is the possibility of conscription.
From: (mark) at 11/03 16:40
> One thought is that the answer is never - but then by the same logic it’s hard to say that rear lines military folk who for example were pressed into service are ever ethical targets either.
CC: #[4]