Credit ratings are a reputation system.

They also already use proofs of some kind.

"Who you are" always matters and the only way to attach "honoring your word" is with identity.

Ofc none of this has to be via government-issued ID, but I think it is wrong to portray these things as unrelated or opposite.

There is no escape from accountability in a society, as a society is based in trust, thus no escape from identity in some form.

Even if we delete your government-issued slave card, you will still have a well-known identity if you want many to trust you.

Also note that any sort of punishment contract or collateral you attempt to cryptographically attach will still have a trust component. Oracles, and the various trust games they create, for ex.