The question is, is it a winter variety? Garlic from the market is unlikely to be suitable for planting as you don't know the variety and it is often ie Chinese garlic (tasteless) . It is best to buy the heads directly from a garden shop or from someone who sells theirs, the winter variety.

You can plant winter garlic even in January, as long as the ground is not soggy.

You plant about 8-10 cm deep at 10 cm apart in rows every 20 cm, backfill and that's it.

I'm not sure if anything will grow after that time, but if the previous year's bulbs formed but you didn't dig them up, there's a chance you'll have garlic again.