As far as I understand:

They fixed consensus rules to not spend more than cap.

Changing consensus for cap wasn't in question then.

Changing consensus rules would be rough nowadays but not impossible.

Let's say all node runners get infected with a brain disease and they accept a client which doubles the max cap to 42.

Voila. You have bitcoin original (21)and bitcoin virus (42)

Since nobody runs a 21 version the 42 becomes defacto bitcoin.

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Discussion

To change the cap from 21 to 42 would require a hardfork right? So whats the difference between soft and hardfork then? Where do you draw the line?