At those high frequencies youre looking at a lot of interference from foliage. The low TX power stops you from powering through with the signal.

Theres a reason HAM VHF/UHF repeaters are put on towers.

A solar powered node in a weatherproof box at high elevation would do wonders for you.

12 ft tall grass!? Really? Thats insane

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Yeah, when I hit a high spot, I got a very nice range, even despite the trees and buildings. 🎊

It's interesting to see what makes a difference in practice, with my tx power, antenna, and so forth. People always talk about having line of sight, but that's great, but completely impractical in the midwest. There are no real hills to climb here. Also, we have lots of trees and a few 3 story buildings that get in the way.

I plan on trying to somehow schmooze some radio tower space at some point. I need to get a reliable solar powered node with an optimal antenna first. I don't want to have to climb the tower repeatedly, especially if it requires coordination/permission for each time.

I hope to find a wiki or forum or something so I can contribute my experience and learn from people who have already built & debugged solar LoRa nodes.

And yeah, tall grass prairies are a great place to hide/get lost. You can't see people 15 feet away at all. It also absorbs sound, which is pretty cool. 😁

I bet the PCB antenna inside the enclosure is not doing you any favors. If you could get an external antenna on your receiving node I bet see quite an improvement. Also, are you using 900 ISM? it would perform better than the 433MHz. I figured you are, but just in case maybe switch over, using the SX1262 chip?