It seems clear to me that the question of this century will be “Are we deterministic machines, or non-deterministic?”
Everything we are doing in both AI and medicine is proximal to this question.
Discussion
Starting with a definition of determinism: the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will.
If one believes in determinism, would it be logical for them to get mad at someone else for spitting in their face?
The other question to ask is "is the answer attainable?" We view the world through a limited lens. Can we draw absolute truth from this limited lens or are there fundamental limits to our cognition/sensory apparatuses that will always lead to a misinterpretation of our observations? Being limited beings, I think the latter is the answer.
I believe Robert Sapolsky presents an incredible argument for determinism. However, the conclusions are always drawn from observation - projections of the world. Is there some sort of arrogance in assuming that we can understand the world as it is, while simultaneously being a process of said world?