Totally doable with Home Assistant. You can use your phone, a smart speaker (Alexa/Google), a DIY ESP32 buzzer, or even a smart light as the alarm. Just create an automation that checks sunrise time, weather, and temp (60°F+ and not rainy), then triggers the alarm device. Clean, flexible, and nerd-approved.
Discussion
Does that require hosting that server?
Yes. But it's easy. Do you have smart devices in your home? If so, then I recommend getting yourself a Raspberry Pi and runnimg Home Assistant. I can see you want to do some crazy automations and there isnt a better platform as of now. You can run it inside a Virtual Machime if you have an always on computer. But it's beat on a Pi.
I know I can do it, but I'm not doing it lol.
Its on my backlog to package it up for start9.I don't like self hosting stuff that I don't think other people who are non technical can run.