NABATEA

The Nabataean Kingdom and the Roman Empire had a complex relationship, marked by both cooperation and tension.

Early Relations:

* Trade and Diplomacy: The Nabataeans, skilled traders and desert nomads, established a lucrative trade network, particularly in spices and incense. They maintained diplomatic relations with Rome, recognizing the growing power of the Roman Empire.

* Mutual Respect: The Romans respected the Nabataeans' military prowess and their control over vital trade routes. This mutual respect led to a period of peaceful coexistence.

Roman Influence and Annexation:

* Client Kingdom: As the Roman Empire expanded, the Nabataeans became a client kingdom, maintaining their independence but acknowledging Roman overlordship.

* Cultural Exchange: Roman culture and influence began to permeate Nabataean society, particularly in urban centers like Petra.

* Annexation: In 106 AD, under the reign of Emperor Trajan, the Nabataean Kingdom was formally annexed by the Roman Empire. The region was incorporated into the Roman province of Arabia Petraea.