Exchanges can certainly fractionally reserve but that doesn't mean there's more bitcoin. There's simply more IOUs. But dont get it twisted, an IOU is not the same as the real thing.

An interesting thing to note... Bitcoin sorta does technically have inflation before it reaches hard cap. The difference is its a programmed and scheduled inflation rate. As coins are mined and released into the wild, technically that's inflation. But the difference here is that everyone is on a level playing field and everyone knows the score. Full transparency and no one can unilaterally decide to adjust the inflation rate.

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True an IOU is not the same but, any person with BTC on an exchange could withdraw and spend at any time. Seems to me like this increases the number of BTC 'available'. This assumes no 'bank run'

Maybe I'm just high or dumb. 😂

Aye so long as the actual supply of btc outweighs the amount of bitcoin you hope to withdraw, all is well. The iou's traded on exchange are inconsequential since they're within their own closed ecosystem. As soon as you wish to remove them and do anything other than simply passing ious back and forth, you have to pay the piper. And the piper only accepts real hard money.

As soon as you try to redeem 1 iou more than exists btc, then you're shit out of luck. So from a numbers perspective, sure there's more "bitcoin". But thats a meaningless number because as soon as you want to do anything with it, you have to exit to actual bitcoin. In reality when it comes to actual available liquidity, 21m=21m no matter how you slice it.