Did Arthur Conan Doyle ever purport to be writing history in his Sherlock Holmes stories? (I actually haven't read any of his stories, so I don't know.)
The Bible does make the claim to be historical, so therefore we should expect its claims to comport with what we know from archeology and history, and it does in many ways.
This is unlike the Book of Mormon, which refers to rivers and other geographical features, and tribes of people which archeology and history know nothing of. This would be because Joseph Smith was unfamiliar with Latin American geography and history and was making it all up, unlike Arthur Conan Doyle, who at least had a personal acquaintance with Victorian England.