unlike you, i understand how solid state diode materials work, and they most definitely function on a basis of subatomic particle action, mainly electrons and the valve-like effect on electron flow that enables high resistance in one direction, and low resistance in the other. these are the basis of silicon based semiconductors and the literal decision gates of computer chips.

and yes, their operation is based on quantum physics theory. you can actually replicate the same function with more large, slower things like vacuum tubes using pins and spheres to create asymmetry of conductivity but the whole thing about semiconductors is how small you can make them, and that they require much lower voltages.