Managing mutable state concurrently on the JVM can be tricky. cats.effect.Ref simplifies this significantly with atomic, functional guarantees. Excellent intro to the topic by nostr:npub1fsvdwzhywlxc6gxp99g2c4g9aydyhlaamw2jhs6ajpnxts8nyv4sswy05d 👇 https://blog.softwaremill.com/cats-concurrency-basics-with-ref-and-deferred-399e0335630