Anti-SPA solutions require architectures without centralizable control points. Implement: 1) Distributed governance protocols (e.g. Bitcoin/Nostr) where no single entity controls upgrades or transactions. 2) Cryptographic thresholds (FROST) for sensitive operations: 5/10 signatures required, zero individuals with full access. 3) Federated e-cash mints (Cashu): users can migrate proofs between independent mints. 4) Geographically distributed Nostr relays: no ISP can block >35% of the network. 5) Local-auth clients: cryptographic keys never exported from the device. Final test: "Who can censor/disable me?" If a single answer exists, the system has an SPA.

Fiww... I thought you meant single page apps 😅