Nationally, 8 of every 1,000 children were victims of substantiated abuse or neglect in 2022 (~559,000 cases) .

• Data on racial breakdowns are less uniform and vary by state, but systemic bias is documented—Black children are more likely to be reported or suspected of abuse, with racial disparities noted in medical reporting .

National (2023, U.S. Census / other sources):

• Overall poverty rate: 11.1% 

• By race:

• Black: ~17.9% (historical low of ~17.1% in 2022; child poverty ~22.3%) 

• Hispanic: ~14.9%

• Native American / Alaskan Native: ~23% 

• White (non‑Hispanic): ~7.7%

Substance Use Disorders

• 1. Native American/Alaskan Native: ~15%

• 2. Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander: ~11.3%

• 3. Multiracial: ~10.9%

• 4. Hispanic & White: ~8–8.6%

• 5. Black: ~7.4%

• 5. Asian: ~4.6%