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Muqarnas is a decorative element used in Islamic architecture and is usually seen in domes, vaults, mihrabs and portal passages. Although its origin is not exactly known, it is thought to have emerged in the Islamic world in the 10th century. It was especially widespread in Abbasid, Seljuk, Mamluk and Ottoman architecture.

10th Century: Muqarnas first becomes apparent in Islamic architecture. It is seen in simple forms in Abbasid works in Iran and Iraq.

11th-12th Century: During the Great Seljuk period (especially in Iran and Anatolia), muqarnas becomes more complex and artistic. It is frequently used in mosques and madrasahs.

13th-15th Century: In Mamluk architecture (Egypt and Syria), muqarnas reaches its peak in stone and woodwork. Complex geometric patterns and stalactite-like forms are prominent.

Ottoman Period (14-19th century): Muqarnas is used in a more elegant and stylized way in Ottoman architecture. It is frequently seen in Sinan's works (Süleymaniye, Selimiye) and palaces (Topkapı).

Modern Period: Muqarnas continues to exist as a decorative element in restoration projects and modern designs as well as in traditional architecture.

Muqarnas is both a structural and decorative art form that reflects the geometric and aesthetic understanding of Islamic architecture.

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