How many citizenships (with passport) are “enough?”

Obviously, the answer depends on the person’s circumstances but here are a few rules of thumb:

1. Two citizenships is the beginning of choice and decentralization of citizenship. With two, you can escape tyranny from one country and have the highest right of entry and residency in the second. With two, you can renounce one and still have access to a travel document. Two is the bare minimum to have some degree of autonomy.

2. At least three citizenships should be the goal for freedom of

movement. Marginal utility tend to decrease sharply after 3 for most people, unless their citizenships are highly correlated politically. An example would be a triple citizen with U.S. - Canadian - British citizenship. Such a person would likely benefit having a 4th citizenship much less correlated with the first 3.

I recommend collecting the low-hanging fruit (citizenship by descent) first, if it’s there for you. Then work on the hard/costlier yards (citizenship by investment or after period of residency) to round out your “mobility asset portfolio.”

What do I think about residency as a mobility asset?

It’s great, it’s of value for diversification but residency does not provide the highest right of entry and residency in a country - citizenship does. That’s why citizenship is the gold standard of mobility assets, not residency.

#dualcitizenship #freedomofmovement