"Hate speech" is a made up term. And criminalizing it is absurd and an obvious reach into censorship.

Hate is an emotion. Try a grammatical substitution to test its validity. "Emotional speech".

Criminalizing it means targeting speech based on the speaker’s perceived emotional state and punishes thoughts, not actions.

Speech is typically regulated only when it causes direct harm, like incitement to violence (Brandenburg v. Ohio, 1969) or defamation. Criminalizing "hate speech" mean punishing a broad category of expression that includes any emotionally charged statement, which is unenforceable and absurd.