we could produce several thousand "candidate" characters then BENCHMARK them on how quickly they can be drawn by hand, painted with a brush, how well they work with a stencil and how reliably they are recognized with poor lighting or vandalism etc.

then we pick the best 256 or the best 128 or 64 or 32 or 16 characters depending on feedback.

maybe it will be too painful for human mind to draw by hand using 256 different characters. maybe having 16 characters will be more intuitive for painting by hand in terms of things like muscle memory.

this will all be determined by testing.

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here are some more ideas for possible characters:

each character would be roughly 5 by 5 pixels.

then each 9 characters would be grouped into a 3 X 3 sub block like a face of a rubik's cube

and the larger code would be made up of these sub blocks

this would be analogous to paragraphs in written text

there is one billion websites. 1 billion is 30 bits.

let's say we go with 6 bits per character ( 64 distinct characters ) then we need just 5 characters to represent any website

a single 3 X 3 character sub block would be 9 characters where the first 5 or 6 are the information and the remaining ones are for error correction.

so just one sub-block would be enough to represent a link to any website. this could be easily drawn by hand.