Metacognition is an awareness of one's thought processes and an understanding of the patterns behind them. The term comes from the root word meta, meaning "beyond", or "on top of".[1] Metacognition can take many forms, such as reflecting on one's ways of thinking and knowing when and how to use particular strategies for problem-solving.[1] There are generally two components of metacognition: (1) knowledge about cognition and (2) regulation of cognition.[2]

…

Metacognition helps people to perform many cognitive tasks more effectively.

That’s Wikipedia

One thing I’ll add is that reading about the mind, writing about anything, and meditation are good ways to gain metacognition skills.