I'm assuming it uses this, lowering data rate for extended range. Simple text chat should use orders of magnitude less bandwidth than audio streams.

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Introduced in Bluetooth 5.0, a feature called LE Coded PHY (Physical Layer) allows devices to extend their range significantly—up to 4 times the standard distance—by reducing the data rate. It does this by repeating bits of data, which makes the signal easier for the receiver to "hear" through noise or over long distances.

Bluetooth LE Speed vs. Range

| Mode | Data Rate | Max Range (Approx.) | Use Case |

| LE 2M | 2 Mbps | ~10–30 m | Fast transfers, low latency |

| LE 1M | 1 Mbps | ~30–100 m | Standard connection (default) |

| Coded (S=2) | 500 kbps | ~200–400 m | Better range, moderate data |

| Coded (S=8) | 125 kbps | ~1 km+ | Long range (industrial/outdoor)

Both my phones, pixel 6 & 8 series support the long range modes, probably why I get such long distance connections. This app lets you check your hardware capabilities.

https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/Development-tools/nRF-Connect-for-mobile