The U.S. constitution is a document defining the structure of that particular government, and in so defining some aspects about it's judicial system, which includes these rights (that were added as amendments). So yes these are rights. And yes "universal basic income" or "healthcare" are not rights because they are not in there.

But some people want to make them rights. I strongly suggest against such a thing because to grant such rights, postitive action is required. Take healthcare -- what if there are not enough doctors to provide it to everybody? It would be a dumb system of justice to guarantee a right it could not possibly uphold.