Federal.

One thing that is interesting about the American a constitution is that everyone thinks U.S. is a dual sovereign constitution (states and federal) but it is actually tri-sovereign.

The Constitution states only the Federal government has the ability to enter into treaties with the Indians.

Thus, acknowledging the inherent sovereignty of native tribes and establishing them as something outside of the United States control

Supreme Court Chief Justice Marshall quickly used the court system to establish a different relationship with the tribes. One that placed the tribes in a much lesser position. “Domestic dependent nations”