The case rests on what we call the “self-attesting” nature of ultimate authorities: just as you can’t prove logic without using logic, foundational truth claims are necessarily self referential.

The evidence converges from multiple angles: manuscript reliability that exceeds any ancient text, fulfilled prophecies demonstrating supernatural knowledge, transformative power that has shaped civilizations, and internal consistency across centuries of diverse authors.

But ultimately, recognizing Scripture’s authority requires the Spirit’s internal testimony, not as intellectual cop out, but as recognition that spiritual truth requires spiritual discernment.

Your consciousness question highlights the same epistemological challenge: how do we ground any ultimate knowledge claims without foundational assumptions we can’t independently verify?​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​