Good to know. I was actually recently wondering how all the heat in a fireplace doesn't just escape straight into the chimney.
Discussion
Heat from a fire is actually 3 things. The air that has been warmed by the fire, the infrared light coming off the fire, and the thermal mass of all the masonry that gets heated.
The air does mostly go up the chimney, of course because otherwise your room would fill with smoke. The infrared and thermal mass are where you make your gains.
There are also losses from sucking cold outside air into your home. This matters in a newer airtight home where you have to crack a window for your chimney to even work. On a drafty older home air was coming in anyway so not as big a tradeoff.
That's terrifying to think that a chimney doesn't work unless somebody has the wherewithal to crack a window 😨
The air to go up the chimney has to come from somewhere.
Personally I think if the house is that well sealed an external intake should be built into the fireplace with its own seal the same as the flue on the chimney.
Yea, that would be pretty smart. I imagine this sort of issue comes up in older houses with new windows and doors and such, though. You'd probably have to retrofit the fireplace