Great question and some decent answers.

But to answer your question directly:

The trust you put is within the wallet, not the node in your example.

When you create a transaction from a UTXO in one of your addresses (address A) to someone else's address (B), this transaction still needs to be signed before it is valid. The signing of this transaction uses your private key to sign for the specific addresses and amounts.

If anything changes with this transaction, like a different amount, send or receive address, the signature would also look different. And the previous signature does not work, since it is specific on those details.

So the only way to swap around receiver or amounts send, is by knowing your private key. Which is held in your software/hardware wallet.

That's why a trustable/verifiable/reputable wallet is so much more important than your own node, to secure your Bitcoin.

💡 Extra: so why is your own node important?

Freedom. A node is used to relay information, like your signed transaction or the UTXO's you have on your addresses. Running your own node ensures privacy, otherwise you let a service know how much you own. They can censor transactions by not relaying your signed transactions (so they will never be seen by the rest of the network). And they could show you false balances, for whatever reason.

However, running a node ensures the network to stay decentralised, ensures your freedom and your privacy.