I don't think so. I'm more familiar with Italian (very similar to Spanish) so I may be wrong, but the word for the country is still America (ends in an "a" therefore feminine). However, if in a sentence you said American man man or American woman, you'd use hombre americano (masculine) or mujer americana (feminine), responsively (or in Italian uomo americano or donna americana).
Discussion
Edit: Gulfo Americano translates to "American Gulf", Gulfo de America translates to "Gulf of America".