SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit) is a cryptographic hash function widely used in Bitcoin. It plays a key role in Bitcoin’s security, mining, and transaction verification. Here’s a breakdown of how it works:

What is SHA-256?

• Hash Function: It transforms an input of any length into a fixed 256-bit (32-byte) output, called a hash.

• Deterministic: The same input always produces the same output.

• One-way: It’s practically impossible to reverse the output back to the input.

• Collision-resistant: No two different inputs should produce the same hash.

• Efficient: It’s fast to compute the hash for any given input.

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