Potentially. Pixel models starting with the Pixel 6 include ELS (emergency location service). This allows transmitting location when a device is in a low power "off" state. This capability leverages not just cellular but, can include GPS, wifi, and in some cases bluetooth. What is desiged for good can be leveraged and exploited for other means. Android 15 is expected to include a feature "Powered off Finder API" as well. Dependending on your personal threat model mitigate with grapheneOS, privacy purchased SIMs, faraday measures, and opsec practices that do not turn the phone hot in sensitve locations or daily travel.