I still don't see much discussion of how though.

I remember Saifedean Ammous once saying he never donates to charity, I'm sure there's many others. Is this just because of tax or are some people just uncharitable?

Breaking it down to percentates is odd.... But maybe we can try.

If a household income is £50,000p/a but with a child who's medical costs come to £150,000 p/a. Does insurance cover these types of scenarios? I can imagine insurance companies just turning these cases down.

Maybe you're right and folks start donating more, then maybe that creates enough of an incentive for charities to take over. It's just something I rarely see discussed and the idea of bodies piling up outside a citadel begging for help never really appealed to me.

Very happy to be educated on the matter.