yes, we have measured time at the base layer. the GPS and GLONASS etc satellites are basically clocks that maintain a precise geographical relative position, and broadcast their subjective time.

because of the different amount of gravity affecting them up there, compared to down here, in fact their clocks go slower than here on the ground, to compensate for this.

time's flow speed is inversely related to the proximity of mass. this varies even here on the ground to a small extent, and the variance is measured by the devices that have been built to measure "gravity waves" which are cyclic fluctuations that emanate from the motion of objects in space.

this problem of time synchronisation makes long range (even as close as the GPS satellites) complicated because before the signal can be received, they must recognise the carrier wave, which varies slightly because of the time flux in force in the place of the radio transmitter. it even has some small effect here on the ground, long range undersea cables also when opening the connection have to sync their wavelengths to each other, and they can be out by tiny amounts, enough to prevent reception, so the resonator has to be tuned before it stays stable.

anyway, i don't think heisenberg or schroedinger really have much to say regarding the generation of a valid next block hash, or more to the point, it is only once it propagates on the network (like the death of the cat) that it is known that a block hash of suitable size was found. this is why people misunderstand how it works, the same mathematics is behind block solutions as it is for the radioactive decay in schroedinger's cat-in-a-box idea. these are discrete events that happen in a very short period of time in a very specific place with absolutely no way to determine ahead of time when it will happen, but with the ability to tune the frequency by adjusting the target that a miner must hit in order to win a block reward.

comparing block target adjustment to nuclear decay, it would be the same as adding or removing some amount of the radionucleide you are watching for one of them to emit a alpha/beta particle when it decays. the more particles, the more frequently. the geiger counter sound is the sound of this kind of process, and it is a counter because the more times the sensor receives a particle, the greater the amount of radioactive material near it.