Top-10 Known Bitcoin Holders (Approximate BTC)

1. Satoshi Nakamoto (pseudonymous)

≈ 1,100,000 BTC

Early-miner cluster widely attributed to Satoshi.

2. Coinbase (custodial / exchange wallets, aggregated)

≈ 1,000,000 – 1,100,000 BTC

Coinbase is consistently shown as one of the world’s largest custodial holders.

3. ETF / Institutional Pools

≈ 700,000 – 900,000 BTC

Includes BlackRock iShares Bitcoin Trust and other ETF custodial holdings across multiple products.

4. MicroStrategy (corporate treasury)

≈ 650,000 BTC

Michael Saylor’s company remains the most aggressive corporate accumulator.

5. Binance (exchange custodial wallets, aggregated)

≈ 450,000 – 600,000 BTC

Represents multiple Binance cold wallets and custodial storage addresses.

6. U.S. Government 🇺🇸

≈ 325,000 BTC

Includes law-enforcement seizures plus the ~127,271 BTC “pig-butchering” seizure added to prior holdings.

7. China 🇨🇳 (aggregated seized / government-held)

≈ 180,000 – 190,000 BTC

Represents coins seized by various Chinese government bodies over multiple cases.

8. Grayscale / Converted ETF Holdings

≈ 160,000 – 180,000 BTC

Former GBTC custodial balances plus migrated ETF holdings.

9. Bitfinex (cold wallets & hack-recovery addresses)

≈ 90,000 – 150,000 BTC

Includes primary Bitfinex cold wallets and historically recovered hack-related addresses.

10. Tether (company reserves)

≈ 100,000 – 101,000 BTC

BTC held as part of Tether’s corporate reserve strategy.