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Roman buildings... It's Roman concrete!

Roman concrete, also known as opus caementicium, is a testament to the craftsmanship and technical prowess of the engineers of ancient Rome. This remarkable building material played a crucial role in some of the most durable structures of the Roman Empire, many of which still exist today. The secret to the longevity and strength of Roman concrete lies in its unique composition.

A key ingredient in Roman concrete is volcanic ash called pozzolana, found in abundance in the area around Mount Vesuvius in Naples. Pozzolana was mixed with lime and water, resulting in a chemical reaction that created a durable and weather-resistant binder. This bond, combined with aggregates such as rubble, stones, and bricks, formed a strong composite material that could stand the test of time.

The Romans also incorporated other additives into their concrete mixes to improve its properties. One of these additives was seawater, which reacted with lime to create additional minerals that strengthened the concrete and made it more resistant to corrosion. This innovation allowed the Romans to build structures such as harbors, bridges, and aqueducts that could withstand the corrosive effects of seawater.

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