This is probably the chart I spend the most time thinking about. You can fit a lot into this bad boy: history, industrial policy, food policy, geopolitics, defense, energy usage, compute (including Bitcoin), monetary policy etc.

The big upshot is that much of the prosperity we see around us, and the number of people on the planet are due to a more than 9x increase in the amount of energy consumption from the 1940s to now. Can we maintain that energy growth going forward?

https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/global-energy-substitution