Thanks for offering to help, much appreciated!

Fedora 41 does indeed work fine with Docker and Dojo 1.26.1. My issue was that I somehow had a very old version of containerd installed. I had apparently installed the containerd version from Fedora 35 (perhaps there was an issue with the Fedora 36 version). It seems if you install a package manually without using dnf then dnf won't update it, even across major version upgrades.

After I removed the outdated version of containerd and installed the one from the repository everything works correctly and Dojo is now up and running.