It’s worth considering that base-10 systems are only one of the methods of counting. Base-12, base-60 and others have existed nearly as long if not longer.

Fun fact, base 60 is still very applicable to human anatomy as well. Using your thumb, touch each segment of each finger on the same hand. 3 segments on each of 4 fingers is base 12.

Using your other hand, you can easily keep track of how many times you do this with 1 finger raised.

12 segments 5 times is 60, just using your fingers.