Monitoring the degree of water pollution is a complex process, which involves multiple technologies and methods. According to the latest research and practice, we can understand how to monitor the degree of water pollution from the following aspects:
1. Main monitoring indicators
Chemical indicators: including total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), which are used to assess the risk of eutrophication of water bodies; chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which reflect the self-purification capacity of water bodies and the degree of organic pollution; heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and chromium (Cr), which are potential hazards to the environment and human health; and other specific pollutants, such as pesticide residues and antibiotics.
Physical indicators: Turbidity is one of the important indicators for measuring the quality of water, and it is also an important basis for assessing the purification efficiency of water treatment equipment and evaluating the status of water treatment technology. The reduction of turbidity means that the content of organic matter, bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms in the water body is reduced.
Biological indicators: The ecological health of the water body is assessed by detecting microbial indicators such as the total number of bacteria and ammonia nitrogen content in the water.
2. Monitoring methods and frequency
Laboratory analysis: can accurately determine the concentration of various pollutants.
Online monitoring: can monitor water quality changes in real time and provide timely warnings.
Remote sensing technology: monitor water quality changes through remote sensing equipment carried by satellites and aircraft, such as color and temperature changes caused by water quality deterioration.
Automatic sampling system: can reduce errors caused by human operation and improve monitoring efficiency and reliability.
The monitoring frequency should be determined based on factors such as the intensity of the pollution source, the emission pattern, and the self-purification capacity of the water body. For key pollution sources and sensitive water bodies, the monitoring frequency should be increased to ensure the accuracy and representativeness of the data.
3. Layout of monitoring points
The layout of monitoring points should follow the principles of science, rationality and comprehensiveness to ensure that the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on water quality can be fully reflected. Specifically, monitoring points should be set up in key locations such as farmland irrigation areas, concentrated and contiguous planting areas, and breeding areas, while considering natural factors such as topography, landforms, hydrology, and the impact of human activities.
4. Data analysis and evaluation
Data analysis: Statistical analysis of the collected water quality test data, calculation of statistical indicators such as average value and standard deviation, to understand the changing trend of water quality and the degree of pollution.
Evaluation and early warning: According to the water quality test results, combined with relevant standards and regulations, the water quality is evaluated. If the water quality exceeds the standard or there is a potential risk, early warning information should be issued in a timely manner and corresponding governance measures should be taken.
In summary, monitoring the degree of water pollution requires the comprehensive use of multiple technologies and methods to ensure the accuracy, representativeness and timeliness of the data in order to effectively manage and protect water resources.