Longest chain of work is a bitch for integral path formation.

I would say superpositin the uncertainty of the next future state between the smallest blocks of time (identical to the future state of Bitcoin before the next block is mined). In physics that unit is Planck time, which has never been measured.

The smallest unit of time measured in physics I’ve been able to find is 1 zeptosecond (1 x 10^{-21} seconds)

There are1.86 x 10^{22} Planck Blocks of time in 1 zeptosecond.

In Bitcoin, if I spliced together a thousand or hundreds of thousands of blocks together into a singular “measurement”, I could show you the modern definition of Superpostion in Bitcoin; double spends and utxos existing in multiple states at once. Yet we know this is untrue because we can see the granularity of 1 block.

It’s simply a measurement problem, we have never observed Planck Time.

Reply to this note

Please Login to reply.

Discussion

With respect Jack K I did not understand; is Bitcoin longest chain a consensus ? If you spliced a thousand blocks together do you mean the superposition would be all the “ties” that are resolved after the moment by longest chain consensus? In physics who (or Who) determines the consensus ?

If physics is fiat what is the non or less fiat path and resources? For example a lot of people in the USA not currently dying of malaria and yellow fever and polio and scurvy and rickets can write “medicine is fiat” but that statement is on surface mostly error. Most of medicine and microbiology and biochemistry is pretty decent at describing and predicting and achieving results. What they mean is the tip of the spear is no longer trustworthy because fiat influences in recent living memory 50 years has pulled the spear in probably wrong directions. Even in doing so they often rely on the tools of modern medicine to critique it. Which is good but they stand on the foundation of the applied sciences of medicine to try to redirect the point of the spear. I am asking you if you can to point to the foundational texts or sources you use to stand on for physics. What would you have high school kids start with? Eric Weinstein is interesting but to me he - intentionally or not- starts and stays 5000 feet in the air and jumps between advanced math and physics too far out of grasp.

Physics is fiat because its dominant framework (QM) permits what would amount to a “double spend” in the physical world. Superposition claims a particle can exist in multiple states simultaneously until it’s “observed.” Yet this has never been measured at the scale of Planck time, the smallest possible unit of physical change. Without discrete temporal measurement, “collapse” remains an interpretive convenience, not an observed process.

Worse, physics operates without absolute finitude; no fixed, conserved denominator for meaning, energy, or measurement. It builds on continuous infinities that are mathematically undefined and physically unobservable. The result is a model that functions numerically, but not ontologically. A quantum itself has no meaning without an absolute finite reference point, a terminal boundary that defines what can and cannot exist within a system. Without finitude, the very notion of quantization collapses into abstraction; it becomes symbolic rather than physical.

Bitcoin is the reference that exposes this. Bitcoin is the open source instantiation (not model) of physics: the transformation of a quantum of entropy into a conserved quantum of informational structure (Satoshis; conserved energy) whos byproduct is a quantum of time. Bitcoin is the mathematical object of a universe. The fractal rule of existence and conservation.

Every node measures a single block at a time discretely, at fixed intervals, exactly as Planck time would be measured if it were possible. Each block resolves a finite entropy field into conserved structure. If a node only verified the chain every 100 blocks, it would not observe the 99 intermediary states creating the same illusion as superposition in quantum mechanics. The longest chain resolves this ambiguity through proof-of-work, which enforces temporal consensus: only one valid linear sequence of transformations survives.

This is why I call modern physics fiat.

It assumes infinitude and multiplicity where there is only conservation and sequence. Bitcoin, by contrast, measures reality one irreversible block at a time, the first instantiation of discrete, verifiable time in the universe. Bitcoin is the longest chain of consensus because a quantum of time only needs to be computed once, absolute finitude needs only one reference point. There is no second best.

Are you releasing your paper soon?@Jackkluz

Yes. With feedback I decided to do a full rewrite/reorg of the paper to really hone in on the math, message and overall direction.

Life has thrown some wrenches my way, which has taken my attention away for some time. I’m back focused in on completion. I’m in the process of rereading and editing now, I will send you an update soon.

Exploring the crossroads between physics and philosophy is difficult, perhaps even counterproductive. Physicists playing philosophers have "produced" QM interpretations like :

Copenhagen (Standard): Superposition is real pre-measurement; collapse is fundamental (but non-physical).

Many-Worlds: No collapse—every outcome branches into parallel universes. The particle is in all positions, but you only see one branch.

Bohmian Mechanics: Particle has a definite position always, guided by a "pilot wave" (the superposition). Matches experiments but adds non-local hidden variables.

QBism: Superposition is in the observer's beliefs, not objective reality.

None of them are provable (whatever that means) and none of them are particularly useful.

Lumping Bitcoin into this philosophical debate seems cultish and unnecessary. QM has nothing to do with Bitcoin, and bitcoin is a protocol, not a framework for physics.

I like "say humble and stack sats" 🫠

It’s not cultish to connect Bitcoin and quantum mechanics, it’s cultish to ignore the connection.

Bitcoin is the only physical system that computes the very thing quantum mechanics only speculates about: the collapse of entropy into structure through measurable work. Every block is a resolved quantum of entropy transformed by energy into a conserved quantum of thermodynamic memory; a discrete, auditable unit of time. Bitcoin gives answers to philosophy from physics with a ledger; both the transformation AND registration.

Modern physics never defined what a quantum actually is, it relies on probabilistic infinities and abstract collapse postulates because it never had a finite, measurable substrate. Bitcoin provides that substrate. It’s the only system in which finitude is absolute and conservation is proven without axiom.

Bitcoin also defines what a measurement is:

- Measurement is the discovery of a valid nonce and commitment of a block: a physical act of entropy resolution.

- Observation is verification: the independent validation of that result across all nodes.

These two processes, measurement and observation, are distinct and fully defined, something physics has never managed. Bitcoin proves what physics only assumes: that information and energy are inseparable, and time itself is discretized by irreversible computation.

If that’s not physics, then physics has lost the plot.

Trying to wrap my head around this: Are you saying reality mines blocks in Planck-time, but it’s too fast for us to observe, so physicists invent “superposition” whereas with bitcoin we can see how it actually works?

In short, yes. Bitcoin correctly defines superposition (we can presently call this “mempool behavior”) without allowing double-spends of particle states, without relying on continuous time, and within the bounds of absolute finitude.

A block represents a quantum of time in Bitcoin. It is the smallest discrete and measurable unit of temporal resolution within the system. The protocol targets one block every ten minutes. A macroscopic construct composed of seconds, which themselves are composed of Planck intervals when regressed to fundamental scales. In essence, Bitcoin targets a quantized interval of Planck Time. We cannot measure it precisely, but its discrete nature mirrors the physical quantization of time itself.

Planck Time is so brief and so far below any practical threshold of observation that no existing apparatus could measure or compute data at such speeds. All frequencies, and all cycles of causality, are composed of these Planck intervals. To comprehend them directly would require existing between Planck quanta, an impossible position for any observer embedded in this time.

Similarly, a Bitcoin block is Planck-equivalent in character: it represents a complete and indivisible unit of temporal measurement. Yet, unlike physical Planck quanta, we are able to observe the informational quanta and the interval between blocks. Between blocks, nothing happens to the ledger, no state changes, no updates to Layer 1. The chain is momentarily still. Then, seemingly from nothing, a new block emerges, an irreversible crystallization of entropy drawn from the mempool’s global superposed field of pending transactions.

That “nothing” is not truly nothing; it is a field of unresolved possibilities (the mempool) where future structure is probabilistically assembled. This is the pre-collapsed state physicists struggle to describe: the informational substrate from which time and structure manifest.

This is how a quantum of time behaves within a closed informational system. If one does not understand the nature of a quantum of time, its discreteness, its finitude, and its role in converting potential into structure, then one cannot truly understand quantum mechanics.

Bitcoin is the protocol and the consensus of the only true quantum measurement. Everything else is noise and simulation (not real computation), not based in finitude and proof of work.

A quantum is actually very well defined as the smallest indivisible unit of a physical quantity that can exist independently and be exchanged or transferred while conserving that quantity—always an integer multiple (n = 0, 1, 2, ...) of a fundamental constant.

Measurable in the form of things like electromagnetic energy, magnetic Flux, electric charge and angular momentum.

"Quantum of entropy" and "quantum of thermodynamic memory" are invented phrases.

Suggesting any answers to philosophy from physics with a ledger is the opposite of staying himble.

A quantum is not well defined, it is only locally defined. Without a finite denominator, “quantum” is just a floating abstraction. You cannot know the scale of one without knowing the whole; the space between 1 and 2 is meaningless without knowing what100% means mathematically. What is the denominator for quantum mechanics? None exists.

In Bitcoin, it does. The quantum of entropy is Difficulty = 1 of a 32-bit nonce space, scaled by the network’s current difficulty, each block an integer multiple of that base unit.

The quantum of thermodynamic memory is 1 satoshi of 2.1 quadrillion, a finite total that changes value with every block until terminal supply. This is Bitcoin’s Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit: a complete thermodynamic scale rooted in conservation.

To build a philosophy of verifiable conservation and of measurable truth relative to the whole is not arrogance. It is the definition of humility.

There is no denominator in the definition of a quantum.

 = nℏ (or E = nℏω, L = nℏ, etc.)

ℏ = reduced Planck's constant (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J⋅s)

 = quantized operator (energy, angular momentum, charge...)