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The Fata Morgana effect is a type of superior mirage where distant objects, like ships or coastlines, appear distorted, stretched, or even floating above the water.

It's caused by unusual bending of light due to temperature inversions in the atmosphere, where cooler, denser air lies below warmer air.

This inversion causes light rays to bend downwards, creating the illusion of shifting, distorted, or elevated images.

Fata Morgana mirages significantly distort the object or objects on which they are based, often such that the object is completely unrecognizable.

A Fata Morgana may be seen on land or at sea, in polar regions, or in deserts. It may involve almost any kind of distant object, including boats, islands, and the coastline. Often, a Fata Morgana changes rapidly.

The mirage comprises several inverted (upside down) and upright images stacked on top of one another. Fata Morgana mirages also show alternating compressed and stretched zones.

The optical phenomenon occurs because rays of light bend when they pass through air layers of different temperatures in a steep thermal inversion where an atmospheric duct has formed.

In calm weather, a layer of significantly warmer air may rest over colder dense air, forming an atmospheric duct that acts like a refracting lens, producing a series of both inverted and erect images.

A Fata Morgana requires a duct to be present; thermal inversion alone is not enough to produce this kind of mirage.

While a thermal inversion often takes place without there being an atmospheric duct, an atmospheric duct cannot exist without there first being a thermal inversion.

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