The latest release of Python, version 3.13, brings significant improvements to its type system ergonomics and f-string capabilities, making it a major step forward for writing maintainable and type-safe code. The Read-Eval-Print-Loop (REPL) has also been enhanced, offering better syntax suggestions, auto-complete, and the ability to execute multiple lines of code more effectively.

Additionally, Python 3.13 introduces free-threading mode, which disables the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL), allowing true parallelism in multi-threaded applications. This feature is experimental and comes with a 40% single-threaded performance hit due to the disabled specializing adaptive interpreter (PEP 659).

The release also includes an experimental Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler that dynamically translates Python bytecode into machine code during runtime, which can theoretically lead to substantial performance improvements for critical sections of code.

Source: https://dev.to/cquark7/pythonic-time-capsule-must-know-features-from-each-version-1795