How do you know it's btrfs causing the slowdown? I've been using it as my primary filesystem for years (basically since it became default on Fedora), never noticed a slowdown.

I've had other issues though, it's incredibly complex to recover when faults happen. Also, not having a feature complete fsck after all these years is bonkers!

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They were kernel btrfs processes that were busy. I also got dmesg errors that were basically timeouts. I spent a lot of time with the disks thinking they were failing, but no they weren't. Also the mounts were taking so long that systemd was giving up. But after some research I upgraded to btrfs space cache v2 and that problem went away. I also spent time defragmenting and balancing and reading as much as I could on how to speed up btrfs. But eventually I just moved to SSD where it didn't really matter.

I don't know if you ever tried ZFS but I used it a lot for about a decade and it never gave me any problems (except as I mention the kernel upgrades breaking it). And I love raidz which btrfs doesn't do.