IE the more small UTXOs that need to be used by your wallet to fulfill the amount you are trying to send, the more data you are adding to your transaction so total fee paid goes up. You'd want to balance that for privacy and cost. Do not just reuse one address although your wallet will use a different address for change and shouldn't be reusing addresses. I don't think any wallets do at this point.
When you say “small” vs “large”, in what sense? Sats amount or data size? Data size impacts cost per transaction because there is limited block space for transaction data. So you must pay more because your transaction takes up more room in the scarce block space. Check out https://mempool.space for a good visualization tool.
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