What are the pillars of Islam?

The pillars of Islam are the five essential acts of worship that every Muslim is obligated to follow. They are:

1. Shahada (Testimony of Faith): The first pillar is to bear witness that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah, and that Muhammad (peace be upon him) is His final messenger. This declaration shows one's belief and commitment to the Islamic faith.

2. Salah (Prayer): Muslims are required to pray five times a day, facing the Kaaba in Mecca. These prayers, known as Salah, are performed at specific times throughout the day: Fajr (dawn), Dhuhr (midday), Asr (afternoon), Maghrib (sunset), and Isha (night). Prayer strengthens the bond between a person and Allah, and provides spiritual rejuvenation.

3. Zakat (Charity): Muslims are obliged to give a portion of their wealth to those in need as an act of purification and social duty. This mandatory charity, known as Zakat, is typically 2.5% of the individual's excess wealth accumulated over a year. It aims to assist the less fortunate and promote social justice.

4. Sawm (Fasting): During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn till sunset. This involves abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs, while focusing on spiritual reflection, self-discipline, and increasing acts of worship. Fasting is a means to attain self-control, empathy for the poor, and to purify oneself physically and spiritually.

5. Hajj (Pilgrimage): Hajj is the pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia, performed once in a lifetime if physically and financially able. It involves specific rituals and acts of worship at various locations in and around Mecca. Hajj symbolizes unity, equality, and the culmination of faith. It serves as a reminder of the Day of Judgment and the equality of all humanity before Allah.

These five pillars form the foundation of Islamic belief and practice, and adherence to them helps Muslims in establishing a strong connection with Allah and leading a righteous life.