The Book of the Dead is a ancient Egyptian text that describes the journey of the soul through the underworld and into the afterlife. It was believed that a person's fate in the afterlife was determined by the judgment of the god Anubis and the weight of their heart. The mother and family members of the deceased were expected to pray and offer sacrifices on behalf of the deceased to ensure a positive judgment and a successful journey to the afterlife. The Book of the Dead also includes spells and incantations that can be used to communicate with the spirits of the dead and seek their guidance and protection.