The major lithium reserves are found in several countries around the world. According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the identified lithium resources are distributed as follows: Bolivia has 21 million tons, Argentina has 20 million tons, Chile has 11 million tons, Australia has 7.9 million tons, China has 6.8 million tons, Germany has 3.2 million tons, Congo (Kinshasa) has 3 million tons, Canada has 2.9 million tons, Mexico has 1.7 million tons, and Czechia has 1.3 million tons[1]. Other sources also confirm that Chile, Australia, and Argentina are among the top countries with the largest lithium reserves[2][3]. Additionally, some countries in Europe, such as Portugal, Germany, Austria, Czechia, Finland, Serbia, and Spain, have proven lithium reserves[4]. Globally, lithium is extracted from two key sources: brines and minerals. Currently, lithium-bearing minerals are chiefly extracted from pegmatites in Australia, Zimbabwe, and Brazil, while extraction from brines predominantly occurs in countries such as Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia[5].

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