Don't forget the cost of complience with regulatory frameworks.
Just that is estimated to tens of billions of euros annually across the private sector in the EU (~2% of turnover)
And somebody has to pay for that. I mean you do.
Discussion
I'm in the US, but we do pay similar fees at signing. Mostly various taxes, as that's pretty much what we live for as Americans now. But that doesn't change the dealership bullshit since 2020. They just thought the party wouldn't end and it did, leaving them stuck with overpriced trash.