Indeed, you can. Kind 10000 mute lists support muting npubs, hashtags, threads, and words. Which of those types of items your client supports muting may vary. I had a rant about discrepancies in the way Nostr clients handle mute lists yesterday:

nostr:nevent1qvzqqqqqqypzpde8f55w86vrhaeqmd955y4rraw8aunzxgxstsj7eyzgntyev2xtqydhwumn8ghj7un9d3shjtnwdaehgunsd3jkyuewvdhk6tcprdmhxue69uhhyetvv9ujucnjd9nksarzdak8gtnwv46z7qg3waehxw309ahx7um5wgh8w6twv5hsqgxmje4x8er9c5rpzldh2gtzd4ju4wqg58ntamqd85gut97qrlt5zv7v5deh